CREDIT CULTURE 信贷文化
Risk averse given Bank’s high gearing and thin margin
倾向低风险，由于银行高负债和低利息差
Proper goals and measures with controls
适当的目标和措施及控制
The Line takes primary (or joint) responsibility of the credit decisions
前线部门对贷款决定负主要（或共同）责任
Burden of proof on the Line
证明应贷款责任在于前线部门
Never feel embarrassed to ask “dumb” questions
不用担心问“愚笨”的问题
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT 信贷风险管理
Prerequisite:先决条件
Senior management’s support (positive intervention?)
高层管理的支持（积极干预？）
People (technical capability, integrity and inter-personal skills)
人员（技术能力、人格和人际交往能力）
Organization and System
组织及系统
Attribute:特征
Independent 独立性
No bottom-line responsibility 没有盈利责任
Professional 专业性
Firm and fair 坚定和公正
STRUCTURE AND APPROVAL PROCESS结构和认证程序
ALTERNATIVES选择
Centralized vs Decentralized集权/分权
Individual vs Committee (composition and decision making process)个人/委员会（债务组成及决策过程）
Factors to consider: 需要考虑的因素
Individual / Collective Decision / Responsibility
个人/集体决策/责任
Senior management’s trust 高层管理的信任
Quality of staff (at centre and in the line) 员工的素质 （管理人员和一线职员）
Specialization of staff 员工专业化
Effectiveness of internal control system 内部控制系统的功效
Quality of service (e.g. turnaround time) 服务的质量（例如：报废项目时间）
Others (fraud prevention etc.) 其他（防范欺诈等）
