notes
management consulting (sometimes
also called strategy consulting) refers to both the practice of helping
companies to improve performance through analysis of existing business problems
and development of future plans, as well as to the firms that specialize in this
sort of consulting. management consulting may involve the identification and
cross-fertilization of best practices, analytical techniques, change management
and coaching skills, technology implementations, strategy development or even
the simple advantage of an outsider's perspective. management consultants
generally bring formal frameworks or methodologies to identify problems or
suggest more effective or efficient ways of performing business tasks.
hypertext markup language (html) is
a markup language designed for the creation of web pages and other information
viewable in a browser. the focus of html is on the presentation of
information—paragraphs, fonts, italics, tables, and so forth—rather than the
semantics—what the words mean.
xhtml,
or extensible hypertext markup language, is a markup language that has the
same expressive possibilities as html, but a stricter syntax. whereas html was
an application of sgml, a very flexible markup language, xhtml is an application
of xml, a more restrictive subset of sgml. xhtml 1.0 became a world wide web
consortium (w3c) recommendation on january 26, 2000.
cascading style sheets (css) is a
stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a structured document
written in markup languages like html and xhtml. in addition, the language can
be applied to any application of xml, e.g. svg, xul, etc.
document object model (dom) is a form of
representation of structured documents as an object-oriented model. dom is the
official world wide web consortium (w3c) standard for representing structured
documents in a platform- and language-neutral manner.
javascript, in its more modern form, is an object-based scripting
programming language based on the concept of prototypes. the language is best
known for its use in websites, but is also used to enable scripting access to
objects embedded in other applications. it was originally developed by brendan
eich of netscape communications under the name mocha, then livescript and then
renamed to javascript. some are of the opinion that javascript has a syntax
close to that of sun microsystems’ java programming language. but beside name
and syntax the language has more in common with the self programming language
than with java.
extensible markup language (xml) is
a w3c-recommended general-purpose markup language for creating special-purpose
markup languages (it is a metaformat). it is a simplified subset of sgml,
capable of describing many different kinds of data. its primary purpose is to
facilitate the sharing of structured text and information across the internet.
languages based on xml (for example, rdf, rss, mathml, xsil and svg) are
themselves described in a formal way, allowing programs to modify and validate
documents in these languages without prior knowledge of their form.
xslt,
or xsl transformations, is an xml-based scripting language used for
transforming xml documents. it is the xml transformation language part of the
xsl specification (the other parts being xsl-fo and xpath). as with xml and
html, the xslt specification is a recommendation developed by the w3c.
xmlhttp is a set of apis that can be used by javascript, jscript,
vbscript and other web browser scripting languages to transfer xml or other data
to and from a web server using http. the biggest advantage of xmlhttp is the
ability to dynamically update a webpage without reloading the entire webpage or
using software plugins. it is used by many websites to implement responsive and
dynamic web applications. examples of xmlhttp applications include google's
gmail service and google suggest dynamic lookup interface.
json,
which stands for "javascript object notation", is a lightweight computer data
interchange format. json has the advantage, over xml, as a data interchange
format in that it can be trivially parsed, by javascript, with javascript's
built in eval() procedure. (this is important because of javascript's
ubiquitousness amoung web browsers.) json is javascript's object literal format.
dhtml
or dynamic
