The Solaris Companion: Reliable and Practical Root Disk Mirroring
Peter Baer Galvin
http://www.samag.com/solaris/column/0105.htm
Content Level: Advanced
Content Audience: Solaris Administrators and Managers
Abstract
There are several approaches to mirroring the root disk on Solaris machines. In this article, all of the common ones are explored, and a "best practice" is suggested that meets the requirements of being functional and reliable.
The Problem
Disks are the component most likely to fail on a Solaris machine. Both experience and theory show this to be the case. Some disk failures cause little or no distress to the system or its users (e.g., an unused disk, or one used for temporary work). Disks with crucial data, if lost, cause serious angst amongst everyone involved. A replacement disk and tape restore can resolve this problem, to a great extent.
Then there is the root disk -- if you lose it, the system is unavailable. Getting the system up and running can involve contortions of CD-ROM boots, backup software implementation, alternate-disk restoration, alternate-disk boot, and finally, restore of the original root-disk contents from backup tape. You do have backups of the root disk, right?
Let's take a look at the root-disk mirroring options. As I will show, there is no one, perfect, out-of-the-box solution. Rather, there is a "best practice" solution, developed at Corporate Technologies by Manny Korkodilos and Kyle Oliver, which gives the best of all worlds, while also avoiding the problems that haunt the other solutions.
Before You Proceed
Please do not try any of these solutions on your most crucial production server. The best place to try them is in a "sandbox", on a system that is disposable. It is also best to implement disk mirroring at system installation time, not after it is in production. Implementing mirroring on a production system, without losing data, is a challenge. Is that enough of a warning!?
Requirements
The best disk-mirroring solution should include these features:
It must automatically recover from a single disk failure.
It must allow easy removal for system upgrades.
It must not adversely affect performance.
It must allow other disk management solutions to be installed and used.
As I will show, none of the obvious solutions satisfactorily solves these problems. Of course, your requirements may vary in any given situation. In those cases, all mirroring options should be considered and the best fit should be chosen.
Methods
Periodic Disk Copy